How Does the Public Sector Work? Essay -- Public Management

If you dont understand how the public domain is supposed to work, how tail assembly you ensure that it is workings? An easy definition of public administration is, the execution of government policies (Encyclopedia Britannica, 2010), or, the effectuation of public policy (Infoplease.com, 1997). While policies and procedures seem to be continuously up for debate, it should be noted that, an informed public ar the only successful way to ensure that the public heavens stays on cross with meeting the needs of its constituents.People, as a whole, flow to appreciate redeeming(prenominal) leading. It is the task of a leader to connect mint with purpose (Blunt, 2007). wherefore does this help us in the public sector? To paraphrase J.D. Straussman, leaders must cast off a vision, establish pleader with regards to that vision, align pack by creating an environment of cooperation, and motivate and inspire members of the giving medication (Straussman, pg. 4). Generally, p ublic sectors have not yet embraced the positive aspects of what leadership skills preserve bring to their organizations. star wonders, what is so wrong with vision or enliven and motivating good deal? Motivating employees should be one of most substantial aspects of leadership in the public sector. Motivated employees often show high productivity levels than others. oft confused with leadership is the role of management in an organization. First degree management skills ar highly coveted inwardly the public sector. These skills are planning, organizing, directing and controlling (Reh, 2009) and are mostly built in to any and all management models in the public sector itself. Second grad management skills build on the leadership skills mentioned above, such(prenominal) as, motivation, training ... ...illsPyramid.htm Becketts, K. (2010). 4 major functions of public administration an overview. Retrieved from https//elearning.riosalado.edu/content/ bolster/pad101/pa d101_INTER_0000_v5/PDFs/L2_Content.pdf American cabaret of Public Administration, . (2006). Code of ethics. Retrieved from http//www.aspanet.org/scriptcontent/index_codeofethics.cfm Bai, M. (2010, celestial latitude 16). Is triangulation just another(prenominal) word for the governance of the possible?. Retrieved from http//www.nytimes.com/2010/12/17/us/ government activity/17bai.html?partner=rss&emc=rss Goble, K. (2010, December 17). Top state issues for 2011 revealed. Retrieved from http//www.landlinemag.com/todays_news/Daily/2010/Dec10/121310/121710-05.shtml Americans for Fair Taxation, . (2010). ofttimes asked questions - answers. Retrieved from http//www.fairtax.org/site/PageServer?pagename=about_faq_answers How Does the Public Sector Work? Essay -- Public chargeIf you dont understand how the public sector is supposed to work, how can you ensure that it is working? An easy definition of public administration is, the implementation of government policies (Ency clopedia Britannica, 2010), or, the implementation of public policy (Infoplease.com, 1997). While policies and procedures seem to be continuously up for debate, it should be noted that, an informed public are the only sure-fire way to ensure that the public sector stays on track with meeting the needs of its constituents.People, as a whole, tend to appreciate good leaders. It is the task of a leader to connect people with purpose (Blunt, 2007). Why does this help us in the public sector? To paraphrase J.D. Straussman, leaders must have a vision, establish direction with regards to that vision, align people by creating an environment of cooperation, and motivate and inspire members of the organization (Straussman, pg. 4). Generally, public sectors have not yet embraced the positive aspects of what leadership skills can bring to their organizations. One wonders, what is so wrong with vision or inspiring and motivating people? Motivating employees should be one of most important aspects of leadership in the public sector. Motivated employees often show higher productivity levels than others.Often confused with leadership is the role of management in an organization. First tier management skills are highly coveted within the public sector. These skills are planning, organizing, directing and controlling (Reh, 2009) and are mostly built in to any and all management models in the public sector itself. Second tier management skills build on the leadership skills mentioned above, such as, motivation, training ... ...illsPyramid.htm Becketts, K. (2010). Four major functions of public administration an overview. Retrieved from https//elearning.riosalado.edu/content/pad/pad101/pad101_INTER_0000_v5/PDFs/L2_Content.pdf American Society of Public Administration, . (2006). Code of ethics. Retrieved from http//www.aspanet.org/scriptcontent/index_codeofethics.cfm Bai, M. (2010, December 16). Is triangulation just another word for the politics of the possible?. Retr ieved from http//www.nytimes.com/2010/12/17/us/politics/17bai.html?partner=rss&emc=rss Goble, K. (2010, December 17). Top state issues for 2011 revealed. Retrieved from http//www.landlinemag.com/todays_news/Daily/2010/Dec10/121310/121710-05.shtml Americans for Fair Taxation, . (2010). Frequently asked questions - answers. Retrieved from http//www.fairtax.org/site/PageServer?pagename=about_faq_answers

Jogging and Walking for your Health :: essays research papers

discombobulate you ever stopped to think how much you actually walk all day? We take dozens of little walking trips just to do errands and daily chores. Walking and Jogging is a way of life to almost people more than than others, it stomach improve fitness and trim your dead body. It can also be an enjoyable experience if you have the proper equipment and the proper strategy. Take brisk 30 to 40 minute walks at least three days a week. Aerobic walking increases the efficiency of your tinder and lungs, lowers blood pressure and resting heart rate, relieves stress, raises metabolism, improves muscle tone, and improves the health of the bones. If your pace is in addition slow down, however, you entrust not get the aerobic benefits.If you argon out of shape, overweight, or older, begin your knead program with walking, not jogging. Keep your pace slow at first, and then gradually increase the speed of walking. You need to utilisation gently and then rest, exercise gently and rest, over and over. Gradually you will get fitter and your resting heart rate will decrease. Then your body will be ready to begin jogging, not before. If your goal is to discharge fat, exercise for grand periods of brisk walking. Duration and frequency are very important.If you walk at a fast pace over long distances, you need to wear good shoes with a reasonable come up of cushioning. This is especially important for overweight walkers. Walking ought to be comfortable. If your knees and hip joints are constantly uncomfortable at a brisk walking pace, you whitethorn do better with hiking, bicycling, or even jogging.Sudden demands on your muscles, the likes of running up stairs, pedaling a bike, or lifting a heavy weight, may cause the muscles to burn. The burn indicates a build-up of lactic acid in those muscles. thick walking is the best way to get rid of lactic acid. The more aerobically trained you are, the less you will feel the burn. This means you can exercise longer a nd harder before getting the burn.Always warm up for 5 to 10 minutes. Walk slowly and stretch before you start a faster workout.

Animal Rebellion in Animal Farm

Animal Farm by George Orwell is a story or so a group of animals that rebel to delineate their freedom. It is a story approximately a society with excellent ideas for progress, that starts with good management, but tear downtually becomes corrupt. It is a devastating satire on the Russian Revolution. The story elements are matched by a simple prose style. This novel is a straightforward piece of story-telling, which makes the stalk of the story pretty clear totalitarianism is not to be indisputable and the communist rotation assortmentd virtually nothing.George Orwell use some literary elements such as plot, characterization, irony, and allusion to be and emphasize the theme of the story. First, Orwell employ the plot and characters to present(a) the theme of the story. For instance, the pigs and dogs took most of the power for themselves, thinking they were the best administrators of government. This shows that they were giving themselves attributions and were starting t o be unequal. Eventually, the power corrupted them and they killed many of their fellow animals to eliminate competition.Also, Orwell used the pigs to represent the leading of the Russian government during the 1920&8243s, such as Lenin and Stalin. This illustrates how the actor used characters, in this case the pigs, to describe the way some leaders acted while they were in charge of their government. Overall, by using a tense but explicit plot, and a personification of animals, Orwell made the reader empathize the degeneration that surrounded the Russian government. In addition, Orwell used the irony and allusion to present the theme of the story.For example, it is ironic how the animals never remembered any of the commandments clearly, and every time scab changed them, nobody noticed it, except Benjamin. This shows how much confidence the animals had on their leaders. They believed that later Mr. Jones had left, now they were supposedly their own masters. Also, Orwell used allusion by presenting a rebellion of animals, which made reference to the Russian Revolution of 1917. This shows how the author used animals to indirectly criticize the leaders of the Russian government during the revolution.By reservation reference to historical events from the past, the author made a link amongst the past and present actions and how they relate to one another. Therefore, Animal Farm shows how new ideals of justice, equality and fraternity always shatter in the moment in which they are going to be practiced. Animal Farm concerns one of the central political experiences of our time revolution. It is a story about a revolution for an ideal, and about how the ideal is increasingly betrayed until it disappears altogether from the new ociety after the revolution.Because of the corruption within the pig leaders, the animals on the farm ended perhaps even worse than when Mr. Jones was in charge. Every time men and women decide to change the system of government they were born under, there has been a revolution. Orwell is trying to get to the point that revolutions are leading to eventual destruction of society. All in all, there is always going to be a social situation that will divide men and economic classes from one another.

Dostoevsky’s Notes from the Underground Essay

The utopian society has a long custom in both philosophical and literary works. The image of a undefiled utter ruled exclusively by principles of intimately and righteousness has spurred the supposition of thinkers and writers over the centuries. Perfect accordance and sublime harmony and understanding overleap this state of things where evil is no longer known. In his famous sarcastic work, Gullivers Travels, Jonathan Swift identifies and censures the flaws inherent in pitying nature and the world-wide interests, prejudices and impulses that govern the human society.Although the traveler explores unknown and fantastical knowledge domains, the various societies he encounters are exactly different versions of the same human geography governed by priming but also by vice. The last visit moreover takes Gulliver to the land of the Houyhnhnms, a utopian society that lives in absolute harmony and that does non even comprehend the notion of evil or deceit. It is not by accid ent that this sample state is inhabited and ruled by horses endowed with the power of soil while man, or the Yahoo, is a cup of tea animal that deals the Houyhnhnms.Swift shows through this utopian representation that, however wondrous the power of reason and creativity in man, it will always devalued by vice. Human nature is and will always be ill-judged while reason has the ability to reveal the truth and weigh good and evil, mans passions and instincts often prevent him from choosing good over evil. In a very different way, Fyodor Dostoevskys Notes from the Underground delivers a quasi(prenominal) message regarding the possibility of a utopian human society.The crystal castle that the underground man speaks of is a symbol for the impractical, unreachable and vain ideal that the humanity chases. Paradoxically, the same humanity despises this lofty dream because it cannot laugh at it as it would. Moreover, Dostoevsky emphasizes that humanity is not satisfied with perfect harmony and happiness, although it covets impossible dreams. Sufferance is essential to the structure of the individual and, in Dostoevskys view, a secret wish of man. Therefore, both Swift and Dostoevsky give similar views of human race and the impossibility of utopian states.Reason, which gives man the ability to see the truth and have it outdoor(a) between good and evil, will always be blinded by passion and impulses. worldly concern is a complex and paradoxical being, endowed with a superior spirit but also with a passionate nature apt to lead him into temptations. Lemuel Gulliver travels through the world and lands on peculiar lands where the inhabitants still appear to be fantastical creatures. In fact, all of them prove to be wonderful mirroring of Swifts British contemporary society.Every state that the traveler encounters is governed by people who are the prey of numberless human impulses such as greed, prejudice, egotism, stubbornness, misconception, deceitfulness and violence. The dwarfs in Lilliput and the giants in Brobdingnag are only ii representations of humanity at a different scale. Through these two representations, Swift unmasks human vanity and malice. In both of these countries human reason is paired with cunning and vice. The absurd academies of Laputa mock the vain enterprises of the human reason to conquer nature and reality.Their complicated systems of thought and their absurd inventions and devices only serve to root them strongly in blindness and lies, keeping them farther away from the truth. At the end of the journey, the last of the stops is a utopian land that is antithetical to all the other societies the narrator has lived in. The simplicity of the Houyhnhnms society and impost contrasts sharply with the complexity of the human civilization. On the one hand, man is a noble being but also a vicious one. Man is haunted by passions and prone to subjective interpretation of life. Because of this, absolute harmony can never govern a human society.

Job Rotation: Advantages and Disadvantages

1. Helps Managers explore the Hidden Talent argument whirling is designed to expose employees to a wider range of operations in order to assist managers in exploring their unfathomed talent. In the process, they are bear ond through a variety of assignments so that they can gain awareness about the actual fiting musical mode of the organization and understand the problems that crop up at every stage. with this process, managers identify what a particular employee is trusty at and accordingly he or she is assigned a specific task. 2. Helps Individuals Explore Their Interests Sometimes, employees are non aware of what would like to do until they rent their hands on most specific ponder. If their job is rotated or they are open to diverse operations, they can identify what they are good at and what they enjoy doing. They prevail a chance to explore their interests and hidden potential. 3. Identifies Knowledge, Skills and Attitudes Job revolution helps managers as well as individuals identify their KSA (Knowledge, Skills and Attitudes). It can be used in determining who needs to improve or upgrade his or skills in order to perform discontinue.This helps in analyzing accepting and coachment needs of employees so that they can produce to a greater extent output. 4. Motivates Employees to Deal with New Challenges When employees are exposed to different jobs or assigned new tasks, they try to give their outstrip while effectively dealing with the challenges coming their way. It encourages them to perform better at every stage and prove that they are no less than others. This gives swipe to a healthy competition within the organization where every cardinal wants to perform better than others. . Increases Satisfaction and Decreases Attrition Rate Exposing employees to different tasks and functions increase their satisfaction level. Job variation reduces the boredom of doing same task every daylight. Moreover, it decreases attrition rate of the organi zation. Employees develop a sense of belongingness towards the organization and stick to it till long. 6. Helps Align Competencies with Requirements connective of competencies with requirements means directing the resources when and where they are required.It assesses the employees and places them at a place where their skills, competencies and standard of measurement are used to the highest possible extent. Advantages(http//smallbusiness. chron. com/advantages-disadvantages-employee-r otation-18994. html) 1. Depth In its Job Rotation Makes You a More Valuable Employee article, temporary staffing industry founder Kelly work points out that job rotation provides the employer greater depth at positions crossways the company. By moving employees around, the company develops more role players with skills in each area.If an employee requires a leave of absence, goes on vacation or needs a day off, its good to have several capable replacements to step in and fuck off on the work. 2. Employee Development With job rotation in place, employees can move around and avoid falling into a rut in one position. Over time, employees develop more skills in a wider array of positions. This provides job stability and equips them for better opportunities to earn promotions. All of these advantages, and better overall development, makes employees more valuable to their employers.3. Employee Resistance. Job rotation is sometimes met with resistance from employees in original situations. Experienced employees who are comfortable in their positions are often backward to rotate into other spots. Dan MacLeod and Eric Kennedy also noted in their publication, Job Rotation System Report to XYZ Co. , that employees who use equipment and materials in their daily work have a hard time giving up their materials to others rotating in. 4. Training A job rotation strategy comes with costs. When you move employees into multiple positions, you must present time and money into training the proletarians in all those positions.This not lonesome(prenominal) includes costs for the employees who are rotating, but also the time of the managers and others who must train the employees in each area. A related concern is that some employees arent good fits in certain positions within the company, regardless of the training programs effectiveness. Disadvantages Frequent geological fault Job rotation results in frequent interruption of work. A someone who is doing a particular job and get it comfortable suddenly finds himself shifted to some other job or department. This interrupts the work in both the departments Reduces uniformity in quality.Quality of work done by a trained worker is different from that of a new worker . when a new worker I shifted or rotated in the department, he takes time to charter the new job, makes mistakes in the process and affects the quality of the job. Misunderstanding with the pairing segment Sometimes job rotation may lead to misunderstand ing with members of the union. The union might think that employees are being harassed and more work is being taken from them. In reality this is not the case. Experienced workers not wanting to learn new types of work.

Ethical Standards and the conflict in schools

Educators number as a member of a squad and sustown(prenominal) a particular alliance with bookmans, pargonnts, other nurture forces, and the community. The quality of these relationships depends non al ane on the overwork performed, but excessively on the honourable doings demonstrated on the occupation. Educators are faced with ethical issues on a day-to-day footing, including confidentiality, record get hold ofion, and the demands identifyd upon them with the barter of get winding pupils and tie kill a schoolroom.Educators frequently face advance of affairss where their ain involvements, a pupil s involvement, or the school s involvement whitethorn conflict. ethical criterions help us to go to a greater extent cognizant of the right year of action with respect to a assortment of positions instead than our ain. Educators are induce to be as to the full prepared as performable to work ethically, every bit good as lawfully, in the school milieu at all times. Ethical criterions supply a model for reflecting on appropriate behavior. For this assignment, I suffer researched four articles that address legal and ethical deductions on schoolroom direction in respects to the rights and duties of pupils, parents, and teachers. I go away reflect, place, and sum up each article. Finally, I will reason with how these articles set about made a difference in how I will pull off my schoolroom. article 1The article that I began with is Public school Law Teachers and pupil s rights by Martha McCarthy. McCarthy discusses the legal rights of the teacher and the pupil. The hit-and-run(prenominal) tort Law shows that instructors may be considered apt if he or she could assume foreseen and prevented hurt by exerting proper maintenance ( McCarthy, Cambron-McCabe, 1992 ) . The first component of the Negligent Tort Law states that the responsibility to entertain is the duty of the instructor this responsibility includes all necessary safeguards t o protect pupils that are under their superintend ( McCarthy, Cambron-McCabe, 1992 ) . Subsequently, if a pupil hurt could hold been anticipated or predictable by the instructor and they did non supply sensible supervising of the consequent, so, carelessness on the instructor s behalf has occurred ( McCarthy, Cambron-McCabe, 1992 ) . Yet, if a pupil s action or consequence of a pupil s hapless picks contributed to the hurt, so the incident itself is considered conducive carelessness, and the instructor is no longer apt ( McCarthy, Cambron-McCabe, 1992 ) .In disaster carelessness on a instructor s behalf, one must(prenominal) see the mature and developmentally appropriate behaviour. There are some(prenominal) factors that have to be interpreted into consideration overall when a indifferent claim is filed. Some of such factors are the instructor s enfranchisement, the instructor s preparation, the environment in which the hurt occurred, the instructional activity, and the care of the equipment ( McCarthy, Cambron-McCabe, 1992 ) . How the rule is stated and the compulsory responsibility of attention can be actually intimidating to many instructors and educational professionals. Furthermore, because of such bullying of the Negligent Tort Law, school territories and brotherhoods have mandated specific ordinances, along with policies and processs to forestall such possible incidents from happening ( McCarthy, Cambron-McCabe, 1992 ) .It could be just to state that overall, instructors have the duty to protect their pupils, and the pupils have the right to be protected while in attention of the school. However, when can a instructor s duty take anteriority over a pupil s single rights? Hypothetically, a scenario may accept a pupil, whether knowing or non-intentional, seting another pupils wellness or safety in danger. The instructor must look at the earthly concern assistance of the pudding stone of pupils and has the right and duty to take the one pupil w ho is endangering the public assistance of the category from the activity/classroom, or environment to guarantee the upbeat of the remainder of the category. Some could reason that excepting or victorious the pupil is in direct misdemeanor of his/her single rights. The instructor s chief duty of sensible attention could hold been jeopardized due to that pupil s actions as good.Article 2The 2nd article, Response and certificate of indebtedness in the Classroom by Edgar Baguio discusses duties of pupils at heart the schoolroom. Although Baguio introduces the thought of response of the pupil, which entails how a pupil reacts to a instructor s schoolroom direction shunning, duty ( Baguio, 2008 ) . Responsibility defines the pupil s occupation of appraiseing policies and processs in the schoolroom ( Baguio, 2008 ) . Baguio farther discusses that an effectual schoolroom consists of non merely a instructor, but of pupils who follow by means of with the schoolroom duties ( Baguio, 2 008 ) . He believes that both parties must make their duties so it is easier to trust and swear one another ( Baguio, 2008 ) . The schoolroom direction system becomes less of an issue when trust is established.Article 3The article Parent-Teacher Conferencing, by Joseph C. can, Edward H. Robinson III, and Mary Ann Fey, discusses the importance of communication between instructors and parents. It is expressed that there is a important demand for effectual parent-teacher conferencing is the legitimate right of parent to hold a voice in the instruction of their kid ( Rotter et al, pg. 7, 1987 ) . everyplace the old ages, parents have been progressively more interested in their kids s day-to-day educational activities. Communication is the key. When instructors and parents view the educational procedure as a collaborative attempt, the parent-teacher conference becomes a underlying instructional scheme that will heighten the kid s growing and advance more effectual acquisition ( R otter et al, pg. 8, 1987 ) .The article besides addresses the different alterations that affect instructor and parent relationships. The primary concern is the alteration of the household saying and kineticss. The traditional household has changed to being blended, dimension individual parents, or holding same sex parents. Because of the self-evident alterations, parents and teachers no longer portion harsh experiences ( Rotter et al, 1987 ) . A opportunity to hold day-to-day interaction has created an obvious cuneus between instructors and parents. The inquiry is how to make full that spread.Communication is the cardinal to making solid dealingss between instructors and parents. Having parent-teacher conferences allows for the most direct signifier of communicating that can be the most meaningful nexus between place and school for the pupil ( Rotter et al, 1987 ) . However, the signifier of communicating is an of import factor. Harmonizing to Rotter et Al, as an pedagogue, hold ing heat, empathy, regard, concreteness, genuineness, immediateness, and confrontation are of import qualities to hold, but besides cognizing how and when to portray such qualities are requirements for effectual communicating ( Rotter et al, 1987 ) .Article 4Sarah Ganly wrote Rights and Responsibilities of a Teacher and a Student. Ganly addresses teacher duty within the schoolroom and the rights of the pupils ( Ganly, 2007 ) . Student safety is one of the most of import duties of the instructor ( Ganly, 2007 ) . However, what is different with this peculiar article in comparing to the others is that the parent s rights are addressed. Galley s article addresses that parents have the right to direct their kids to school cognizing that their kid will be safe while in the attention of the school and its instructors ( Ganly, 2007 ) . Teacher s liability and answerability are examined within this article. The illustration of such is that, the jurisprudence states that instructors are hel d apt for a pupil s public assistance if injury is foreseeable ( Ganly, 2007 ) . every(prenominal) state of affairs must be viewed separately, and if any, palliating fortunes must be taken into history excessively.When acquisition activities are off premises, the instructor s rights and duties should non be taken lightly. Although, there are many policies and processs that go into readying of dramatics trips, the pupils degree of safety should ever be examined and be the first antecedency of instructors and schools. It is a instructor s duty to guarantee the safety and wellbeing of each pupil on a field trip. In found for the instructor to bring through overall safety for the pupils, they may hold to be forced to conflict upon a pupil s single rights. This state of affairs within itself can be considered grey affair and fortunes have to be analyzed suitably without premises. Because of the many instances of carelessness and inappropriate behaviour go oning with schools acros s the state, the rights and duties of pupils and instructors has been a hot controversial issue. There seems to be a important sum of failure of recognition of the direct relationship between pupil s rights and instructor s duties.DecisionI feel confident that my method of schoolroom direction is really appropriate. It is a cross between Wong s prosaic Classroom Model and Kagan, Kyle, and Scott s Win-Win Discipline Model. I believe it is the pedagogue s duty to learn pupils how to self-monitor their ain behaviour and keep them accountable. The ultimate ends I have for my pupils is to be able to pull off themselves suitably, to be able to run into their demands through responsible picks, and to be able to develop life accomplishments that will function them into the hereafter. The mix attack of Wong, Kagan, Kyle, and Scott works good for me to promote pupils to take ownership of their learning experience and overall success. Using both Wong s Pragmatic Classroom Model and the Win-W in Discipline Model allows me to keep the pupils responsible for their ain behaviour, larning and success, they both hold the instructor responsible to working hard to keep a safe, positive schoolroom environment that helps pupil work to accomplish personal ends.

Philippine School vs. American School Essay

Being capable to go to civilise is a privilege. Here in the United States, they affirm unrestricted schools to everyone without a fee but in some other countries analogous the Philippines, they dont. The Philippines is one of the third-world countries which means that theres more abject people than rich and non everyone can afford to hitch an education. From where I used to live when I was still there, I al slipway hang children in the streets selling flowers or rags and most of them atomic number 18 bonnie at a lower straddle the age of 16.They have no other choice but to do this because their p bents lack money and no comp some(prenominal) would hire them because they have never change surface learned how to read. As I have experienced deprivation to school in the Philippines and the United States, I am able to distinguish the great differences between both countries ways of education. I was shocked when my ma told me over the phone that I can go to a public school in the U. S. for extra. I was expecting that public schools wont be as good as discharge to a private school because I used to go to a private school in the Philippines.When I started going to Patrick Henry Middle School in Granada Hills, I realized that I was wrong. The teachers are great and I was able to counsel on my studies more because there were only 6 periods each semester. In the Philippines, there are 8 periods. They even have a display case for religion, mainly for Catholics. Im non a Catholic so the subject was a waste for me. I personally think it is the stopping point amour I should learn about. Another surprise for me is that here, the school lends books to the students.In the Philippines, we have to buy them, one for each subject They dont even give out lockers for free, we also have to rent them. I chose to rent one of course, I did not want to look equivalent a turtle by carrying a backpack wide-eyed of books, notebooks, and other school things. The other s used rolling bags in order for them not to pine their backs. In some public schools, students have to share books because the school cannot get as many books as much as there are students in it but here, almost every one of the books lent to us are in good condition.Although going to school was painful in the Philippines, they make it a challenge for us. There are no pint-sized days and no minimum days. Everyday was a day full of lectures, tests, and homework except for that one day when everyone goes to a field trip. The teachers are also considered as second parents because they get to have the students with them from Monday through Friday. Their ways of discipline are harsh, they make you squat with books on your arms, and sometimes, they can even hit you with a ruler, or pinch you. Teachers here dont do that, they warn you or send you to B-1.It is definitely one thing I think we should be thankful for. Whether or not going to school is a good experience, it is a lot better t han not being able to. I wish they could offer a free education in my country so everyone there would get a chance to learn something even though they havent any money to give. The way of school life in the Philippines may not be the best experience for me but it has helped me to go this far. Students should not just look at school as a meeting place to find friends but also as something very beneficial to them.

English Lit Coursework Essay

Comp ar the meanss in which the authors present melodying worlds/ places and their thematic significance in Othello and cardinal new(prenominal) texts. In whole of the novels Othello, Wuthering Heights and The Great Gatsby, the authors, Shakespeare, Bronte and Fitzgerald, demonstrate how contrasting worlds disrupt equilibrium, especi each(prenominal)y the harmony or even possibility of relationships.The ultimate break of serve within all of these texts is the barrier of class. In Wuthering Heights, Bronte compares the two houses Wuthering Heights and Thrushcross Grange, to highlight the distance class creates amongst Heathcliff and Cathy, by embodying the characters and their values in the resourcefulness of the houses. Wuthering Heights essentially is a deteriorating farm house.Bronte represents Heathcliff with this house, its anaesthetically pleasing and neglected, exposit as a perfect misanthropists nirvana, tolerant reclusive and desolate connotations, reflecting the way Heathcliff becomes remote from society and isolated. On the an new(prenominal)(prenominal) hand, Bronte describes Thrushcross Grange grandly, carpeted with crimson, crimson covered chairs and tables, this choice of colour gives gamy connotations, of a splendid place, The choice of lexis splendid giving an upper class tone .Nevertheless neither of Cathy or Heathcliff seems to prefer the juicy Thrushcross Grange. Bronte does present Cathy to be superficial at times, notwithstanding when Cathy tells Nelly ab surface her dreams she explains that heaven did not seem to be my home and that she woke up sobbing for mirth when she was flung into the middle of the heath on top of Wuthering Heights, Bronte uses this therefore to destine that Cathy sees Wuthering Heights and the bind offs as her heaven.Likewise she wants the window open when ill at Thrushcross Grange here Bronte enforces the base of operations of imprisonment and entrapment, in a foreign world. e actually bit Thrus hcross Grange has always been an alien and un snug place to Heathcliff as we see when he chooses to grieve on the out skirting grounds of Thrushcross Grange in contrast with Edgar who stays inside. Nevertheless Bronte relates Cathy, a Linton to be, to Thrushcross Grange, a world of refinement and elegance, complimenting Cathys own descriptions as she grows into a ladySimilarly to Wuthering Heights, Fitzgerald presents the comparison in class of two places, the buildings of East and due west clump in particular. double-u ball is seen to be the less faddish of the two, lacking in stuffy aesthetics of refined and classy housing estates. This is shown by the fact dents bungalow is carelessly built in the space between two mansions, this paints a garish image of clashing buildings.Whereas East Egg is glittered with houses that are described as white palaces with tumesce kept lawns, suggesting well kept, good quality people, over all setting a copious and opulent scene. Never the less, the houses themselves are concentrated on more so in Wuthering Heights as they are the dominant symbol of the two separate worlds, whereas Gatsby concentrates on the society around East Egg and West Egg, in order to emphasize the difference of the world Daisy and Tom brood in comparison to Gatsbys world.Fitzgerald creates the symbolism of East and West Egg by choosing to rename Great Neck and Manhasset. West Egg is a place of newly rich settled opportunists, many like Gatsby who are seen to have acquired a fortune overnight and boast this through dissipated houses. West Egg has an overall vibrancy shown through spectroscopic gayety with this Fitzgerald suggests a b justly, colourful and energetic lifestyle. East Egg however is a fashionable part of Long Island, where the wealthy descendants, of a previous money make generation, live.In contrast with the West, they seem to be more withdrawn from enjoying themselves and imperial of their staid nobility, with the exception o f a few lapses at Gatsbys parties. This lack of living for the moment comes across also in the way that they seem to want more in life in the East, but have no intentions of looking for it. Fitzgerald mocks the ambitionless simplicity of life that for casing is demonstrated in Jordan and Daisys superficial conversation, We ought to plan something, All right Whatll we plan?What do people plan? Similarly people lack genuine qualities, everything is based on etiquette and image, a prime example of this is when Mrs Sloane invites Gatsby to supper out of politeness but doesnt expect him to actually come. Equally Shakespeare employs the theme of class, as a barrier between Othello and Desdemona, but unlike Bronte and Fitzgerald, he demonstrates the distinction through the discrimination drawn upon Othello. None the less, Shakespeare does use a comparison of two separate locations, Venice and Cypress.Shakespeare accomplishes a striking tone in the play Othello through the use of a varia tion of techniques, for example dramatic irony. Likewise Shakespeare uses contrasting worlds, for instance the contrast between Venice and Cyprus, Venice is portrayed to be a respected origin, it has a positive representation in the play, creation the place in which Desdemona and Othello fell in tell apart. Cypress on the other hand is surrounded in conflict, described as a fight-like isle, a direct comparison to Venice it is also the place where Othello and Desdemonas love suffers.The two countries are essential to Shakespeares comparison between the worlds of war and love and how Othello struggles to find a balance between the two. The warlike moor encounters the conflict between the roles of being an inexperienced loving husband and a hardened military soldier. Hes used to of course an all male environment, a soldiers life style, uneducated in the domestic world of females. He can deal with the flinty and sword couch of war yet is little blessd with the prosperous phrase of peace.Shakespeare devises Othellos dialogue to show how he is more comfortable with language from the semantic field of war than pet nick names, traffic Desdemona My fair Warrior. Othello may be respected for his military efforts, after all this is all we see him praised for, no credit is given to the fact he is marrying Desdemona even their wedding celebration is shared with a military celebration. Considering this Shakespeare presents him very much as an outsider, the only black protagonist, he doesnt train as a gentleman, and is included in society purely as he is an acquaintance of Brabantio and Cassio.

Cyworld – Case Analysis

Situation Analysis Company SK Comms crossing line cyberspace Cyworld Social networking Biggest player Value proposal providing drug users with a free and blank community with limited publicizing and an almost exclusive emphasis on social networking Life cycle mature phase of growth NateOn min messaging Biggest player Linked to Cyworld Home2 Social media Media plat category Video 50M +50K/ sidereal day News Pictures +5M/day Cyworld revenue segmentation (2006) Paid items $67M (72%) Virtual items $15. 45M bonnie bell $1 Items sold 32M 3D virtual items $0M 010 projected $(120M 2010 paying item sales Music $14. 48M Selling 200K/day Average price $0. 50 Can be solved technically with blocking omit of useful information Dont want ads in a clean environment Lack of time Customers getting bored Because need of relevancy Not leveraging individual(prenominal) covers Goals Retain users Customize/targeting go out Increase revenues Grow users Possible Options 1) Paid Products Music accounts for 50% salaried revenues (36% of total revenues) Growing at a rate of 10% a year 3-D Virtual Gifts Expected to generate $120m in revenueMaintain catamenia levels of advertising, cargonful not to disrupt customer preferences for an ad-free environment Pros low fringy cost, already established market, integrity to original value proposition of a clean, ad-free environment. Cons ignoring the largest market (890m potential revenues), not solving the attrition job of people tiring of virtual gifts, 2) Acquire a swordplay smart set (acquiring Empas was approximately $30M) Own company (buy for $3 &8212 $5 M or enter into a license agreement where we have a gambol contract. reate a certain number of games per year and collect a small percentage of proceeds) Positioning Statement Marketing Analysis Product Price Market Analysis Founded in 2001, Cyworld initially began as a social networking company beforehand it was acquired in 2003 by SK telecom. It offered a certain and ad-free programme to stay connected with friends and family via a minihompy where users could post information and updates. At the time of acquisition Cyworld had a membership of 1 million before r to each oneing critical mass in 2004 and growing to 21 million in a coun extend of 50 million people.Since then, Cyworld has offered a variation of features such as NateOn, an instant messaging service acquired in 2002, a virtual item market, a music store, a blogging service, a plaza for sharing user-generated media, and a Home2a hybrid model of blogs and minihompys. Cyworld currently enjoys 90% market penetration for the 20-29 year old demography and accounts for 50% of SK Telecoms profits with 72% coming from paid items, 16% from advertising, and 12% from mobile services. However, users are tiring of buying virtual items and decreasing direct custom (64% decreasing versus only 13% increasing).A function of the sites privacy model forces some users to de-register and re-register when relationships get broken instead of only be able to unfriend or block users as is an filling on Facebook. This led to 10,00015,000 cutting users signing on per day, but in like manner 5,000 users butt jointcelling their subscription. young data has also shown that Cyworld users have become increasingly more metameric with regards to usage absolute frequency and money spent. 27. 5% of users logged on 3 times or more per week, but these users account for 93% of the usage and furthermore 35% of total purchases coming from 15% of users.The original value proposition of Cyworld was foc employ on providing a clean and safe social network. The plus of features such as the virtual marketplace and media-sharing platform has evolved the site to being a focal point of entertainment and self-expression. The business model of Cyworld must continually reflect the sites growing importance in the lives of their users. Cyworld must create an enhanced value proposition for its curren t customers so they can better focus on revenue extraction from their high- and mid- frequency users.The main springboard from which Cyworld has launched most of their successful add-ons has been its pre-established network of friends which each user has collected over the years. However, these networks, once they are acquired, become a placid list of superficial relationships. Though users are currently able to jabber with or broadcast to their networks, there is limited actual relationship-building. Cyworld must instanter step in to remedy this gap in emotional familiarity by creating a federal agency for users to engage and strengthen their network.What is the best way to create closeness? Options Our initial analysis of consumer demographics, user behavior and preferences, and overall gaps in the revenue and functionality model, have led us to these possible answers to that inquire 1. Restructure existing business model to shift primary revenue-driving focus to advertisin g, similar to social network competitors, Facebook and Myspace and paid search competitors Naver and Google. With growth evaluate of 46% in 2005 and 29% in 2006, Advertising represents a favourable opportunity for Cyworld.While this option could boost Cyworlds revenues significantly, it poses risks, considering consumer concerns with privacy and the companys commitment to a clean and free online environment. 2. Develop a new music sales strategy to enable users to download music to personal MP3 players, following the ITunes model. Songs currently downloaded by users can only be used as background music for minihompys. Yet, music represents a profitable option as Cyword would be able to retain more than 50% of revenues.However the streaming to MP3 process could be a complicated and costly transition given(p) the wide range of system and compatibility requirements. 3. Develop user-specific personalized applications, product recommendations, and shop options to encourage increased site-usage. Specifically, as the Cyworld High oftenness User ages beyond the 19-29 range, the Cyworld platform for decorating minihompys is becoming less relevant. The company needs to increase the relevance of its services by introducing specificity and targeted marketing.However this may also raise privacy concerns and subvert the previous value proposition of a clean environment. 4. Cyworld could acquire gaming companies to develop games targeted at current users. This would both increase site usage and provide users with an opportunity to further connect with contacts via a friendly and warring venue. In addition, as users start their own families, the Cyworld gaming environment can serve as an educational and entertaining option for their children. Our answer is online gaming.While Cyworld should try to maintain the current level of sales of music and virtual items (especially with the teaching of 3-D virtual gifts driving revenue to $120 million in 2007) and fix the privac y glitch which forces users to register and re-register, the majority of their focus should be on gaming. Cyworld should use gaming to allow members to strengthen their preexisting relationships and form new ones. This would eliminate much of the risk of engaging with strangers online and inject accountability into the way people compete in these games.Instead of being a platform where users share what has already happened, users can now log on to Cyworld for a new challenge, a new way to interact with old friends, and the opening move of a new story generated on the site itself. Strategy murder Cy- plunk for (4 Ps) Product Cy-Game get out be created via a combination of Cyworlds $20M acquisition of Game Me, a network of online gaming technology start-ups in South Korea for exclusive use of their games. User-targeted games go forth be offered and sold via an application store that Cyworld users can easily chafewhether on their home computers or mobile phones. Cy-Games launch go out target High Frequency Users start-off, leveraging the consumer information Cyworld has gathered for the past 12 years. The goal of Cy-Game depart be to provide users with gaming and entertainment options for every stage of their livesfrom the first year college student, to the mid-twenties urban professional, to the mid-thirties married parent feel for a safe and easy pastime to share with their friends, and family. Price The Cy-Game determine model will be as follows A. Pay-to-Advance Games Users will have access to a large database of free games.However, in order to advance to the highest levels of the game, users will be required to purchase special weapons, treasures, and secrets. The fee to acquire each add-on will start at $. 05 and increase incrementally with importance. Theses virtual enhancers are crucial to advance in the game and remain competitive. B. Initial Buy-in Games Cyworld will extract 5% of the buy-ins from users participating in gambling-intensive gam es such as poker game or bridge. C. Subscription Games Users can access these games for free or for a pertinacious price of $36 a year.Paid subscribers can enjoy ad-free gaming, while non-subscribers will be shown a fixed number of ads per hour. We estimate the total annual revenue generated from gaming to be $6M (2 from Free Games and 4 from Paid Games) FINANCIALS HERE. advancement To promote the launch of Cy-Game, Cy-World will offer all existing users a free two-month ad-free subscription and a $10 credit to be used in the buy-in or pay-to-advance games. CyWorld will also sponsor a So You hark back You Can Game contest to be broadcast on Korean MTV.The winner, deemed Koreas Next Top Gamer will win $50,000. Placement Cy-Game advertising will run predominately on the Cyworld homepage. However, we will also leverage Game Mes existing marketing strategy to promote the new fusion with Cy-Game. That marketing strategy includes traditional television and print advertisements. City -Wide murals and billboards will also be prominently placed in city centers and near universities. Cyworlds goal is to attract gamers to Cy-Game while increasing overall Cyworld signup and usage frequency.

Government Intervention and Internet Regulation Essay

G all overnment Intervention and meshing Regulation lucre is a global earnings that connects millions of computers together and allows tribe to communicate and shargon data with each other in an in mogul(p) and easy style. It has become the nigh widely put ond smasheds of communication theory of recent times. The number of U. S. homes with one or more personal computers change magnitude by 16% (in 1995) to about 38 million ho workholds, up from 33 million in 1994 and 25 million in 1993 (Fox 9). Along with that dumfounding stat, the National Commission on Libraries and Information Science has reported that 95% of the public has access to the lucre (Free Essay). Internet is fill with a slew of training on almost every effect in the world and anyone tail assembly access that tuition anytime he or she wants and most often that information is avail adapted for free. The very fact that everything is so easily available over the net income has become a bear of immens e concern beca recitation great deal toilette access information that they ar non supposed to ruling.This has inclined the rise to a great repugn over the use internet rule versus the concept of net disinterest. Internet mandate is basically restricting or pick upling access to indisputable aspects or information (Internet Regulation). The proponents of economy argue that or so form of judicature intervention is necessary to keep a tab on the information people access over the internet because that information might be a source of harm for the society in general.Whereas on the other hand, the proponents of concept of net neutrality state that if a person pays for his internet access, thence in that location should be no restrictions on the content that he flowerpot view. Because internet is filled with all parts of information and anyone tolerate access unsuitable information at anytime, just about sort of government intervention is necessary in the form of inte rnet edict to uphold the morals of the society. There are several miens done which internet can be regulated.Government can make use of the state control start to intervene directly and place good controls on the content that can be accessed by their citizens (Darlington). A holy case is Saudi-Arabian Arabia where all of the countrys Internet do providers view as to go through a central node where the Saudi authorities block access to sites hosting pornography, those believed to cause religious offence, and web sites containing information on bomb-making (Darlington).Another form of regulation, the self regulation approach is found on voluntary initiatives by the Internet Service Providers (ISP) industry (Darlington). As per this approach, the ISPs try to control the fictional character of content available to the customers and they keep a check on information being accessed over the internet. Classically this is the approach in Britain where there is no written constitut ion and government has shown no wish to legislate (Darlington).And perhaps the most commonly used and widely accepted form of regulation is the use of filter outing techniques through which access to whatever parts of the information can be controlled for some particular substance abusers. For example, parents can use filters to restrict their squirtren from viewing contrary explicit content. One of the objects for having regulation is that internet can be accessed by anyone. Initially, it was supposed to cater to the take of the American military establishments. Then its uses spread over to the academic communities and right a office it can be accessed by any individuals from any country and belong to any age group.For example, a child can easily view inappropriate content from his bedroom at any time he wants. This should not happen because that material can corrupt the mind of that child and can have some serious negative effects. As the run of the Internet increased dram atically with the development of broadband access in the late 1990s and early 2000s, not only has more of this type of information become more available, but also users have been able to access this information in greater quantity (Internet efficacious Definition).So in such(prenominal) circumstances, we must have some procedures for tackling illegal content on the Internet and some mechanisms for allowing end user control of what is accessed on the Internet (Darlington). It is argued that the genesis of the Internet was such that it embraced and fostered a new spirit of freedom, openness and experimentation and that these values must tolerate an integral feature of the Internet and if any form of regulation is introduced then the whole essence of the internet will be lost and people would not be able to access the vast resources of information that it has to house (Darlington).The opponents of regulation also argue that any form of internet regulation is against the individual s rights to freedom of expression and the concept of net neutrality because in such a scenario a person may not be able to choose the content he wants to view. However, it should be all the room understood that society is greater than a single person and if such rights of freedom cause harm to the values of the society as a whole, then it is perhaps the right of the government to intervene and restrict the rights given to every individual in order to maintain those values. There is repellent content on the internet, so this justifies the use of internet restrictions (Darlington). Internet is filled with explicit content. There are thousands of websites that contain pornographic materials which is considered inappropriate for minors and mostly this content is available for free, so there is no additional cost of viewing it besides the charges paid to the ISP. Also there are some sites which propagate extremist views, often of a anti-Semite(a) nature (Darlington).Though such expl icit material is legal to be viewed by an individual of a certain age which in most countries is set at 18, there is no one particular way of making sure that it is not viewed by anyone under this age because individuals can mislead the system and hide correct personal information. So in such a scenario, the most effective way for individuals who have responsibility of the children, like parents and teachers, is to limit the access to such material through the use of filters. These filters allow censorship of inappropriate material using the ratings provided by the websites.However, it should be kept in mind that this censorship technique enable adults to control their own access to material so they do not bollix up across things (advertising, violence, erotica/pornography, religious or political material etcetera ), which offend them (Internet Regulation). So in a way it is a matter of personal choice and responsibility which gives an individual the might to choose what he views because one can easily change filter settings to control the type of content available to him.Despite all the great uses provided by the internet, it is used by some people for illegal purposes therefore, the use of regulation is justified because a stringent internet regulation can help to curb the innumerable illegal activities over the net (Manohar). Examples of such criminal activities include copyright theft, credit card fraud, financial scams, silver laundering, hacking, industrial espionage, cyber terrorism, actual terrorism, bomb making instructions, prostitution, certain forms of gambling, medicate use, drug smuggling, suicide assistance, defamatory allegations, cyber stalking (Darlington).In recent times, people have started to complain about the ever increasing number of spam emails that are sent over the internet. The number of spam messages sent increased nearly 300 percent from 2001 to 2002 from 14,078,511 to 55,683,103, according to e-mail filtering company Brigh tmail ( Kornblum). Spam refers to submitting the resembling message to a large group of individuals in an effort to force the message onto people who would otherwise choose not to receive this message (Spam).In order to ensure that people do not indulge in such criminal activities and the society remains unharmed, the government must intervene to stop any of these activities from taking place by imposing restrictions. Some people argue that the internet is an enormous network which is growing rapidly as time progresses, so it is not workable to regulate the internet. The argument provided here is flawed because the fact that the internet is so large makes regulating it more difficult, but because it is difficult it does not mean that it should not be regulated.Some also argue that because internet is variant in operation from other communication networks, so it should not be regulated (Darlington). Whereas radio and television is pumped into millions of homes simultaneously (push technology), the Internet is an interactional medium and requires a particular user actively to seek a particular site or application (pull technology) (Darlington). The very nature of the way in which the end user consumes the internet makes a good argument for having some sort of formal restrictions.In the case of radio and television, there are certain restrictions on the amount of violence and sex that goes through. So even if an individual wants to see something special, there is absolutely no way in which he can do that if nothing such is broadcast at that time, but the case of internet is quite different. A person can view anything, anytime and anywhere he wants. Therefore, regulation acts as a great measure to ensure that a check is keep over the usage of the internet.Some people even argue that it is not the responsibility of the government to protect the children against the inappropriate content that is available over the internet because it has got other tasks to take care of and instead those trustworthy for them at the time parents, teachers, guardians, supervisors should control what they access on the Internet (Darlington). While children and teenagers hire a certain amount of privacy, they also need parental interlocking and supervision in their daily lives (Free Essay).One way suggested by these people requires the parents to spend time with their children when they are online so that they can keep a check on what their children are accessing. But this benign of total control can not be exercised by those responsible for children because they can not be present at all times. Furthermore, internet can now easily be accessed on mobile devices so it can be easily misused and in the case of a school where a teacher has to look after a lot of students, it is practically impossible for her to monitor the activities of each student at the equivalent time.So while parents and teachers must exercise responsibility, they should be assisted by other approaches including the taking down of sites with criminal content and the filtering of sites with offensive or inappropriate content (Darlington). The debate over the topic of internet regulation versus the concept of net neutrality has become a great snub these days because of the ever growing increase in the usage of the internet and its implications on the society in general.

Religion and Human Experience Essay

Hinduism can be traced back to antiquated Aryan civilizations about four thousand years ago and is establish on polytheism with various forms of rituals. Upanishads are documented texts which came about after examine the faith and finding ways of attaining spiritual insight from within and for disembodied spirit in general. Brahman is unrivaled who sees the divine as being one in on the whole aspects and the Atman which is the soul reflects the oneness amidst diversity and reveals the Brahman in his true self.Maya on the other hand camouflages the truth of one in mythical and magical shroud. Karma which is related to rebirth is stressed while Moksha is seen as freedom from and beyond all human aspects. The Bhagvad Gita brings out the practical elements of the holiness in everyday life by means of four paths which can be practised together or separately to achieve spiritual satisfaction. The Hindu religion revolves around temples, rituals, polytheism and numerous festivals.Th ough many may pietism a particular god or goddess they believe in all gods as being one in different forms. Priests and gurus are hero-worship and looked up to as spiritual leaders. Animals are given importance as they are believed to be in the image of god this reflects in some(prenominal) gods having animal features. Symbolism is the basis brought out through art and sculpture. This well-off culture of India has appealed to many around the world especially the yoga and meditations which have influenced pot from every background. Religion and Human Experience 4 JainismThis religion is as ancient as Buddhism with Mahavir as the central figure and whose teachings are alike(p) to Buddha, preaching abstinence and meditation to attain peace and ultimate freedom. This religion does not believe in gods creation or being blessed by a Divinity, instead they believe in an everlasting universe full of life and pain as in humans. Though humans are considered special and can attain spirit ism through compassion and knowledge of the inner self. The basic of Jainism is Ahimsa of which non violence is the almost important followed by other virtues.Like most religions Jains honour 24 saints otherwise known as Tirthankaras who are looked up to and followed for their great accomplishments. purgation is part of being a Jain and life is considered a quality in the path to eternal liberation from the human body through a life of good virtue and selflessness. Jainism teaches that to gain spiritual extremity one has to follow the path of strict non violence. It has vanadium branches Digambaras, Shvetambaras, Sthanakavasis and Terapanthis. SikhismThis is a ordinal century Indian religion with a background of Hindu Islamic conflict. The founder is Guru Nanak who believed in monotheism and oneness of God. He professed that even though at that place may be many forms and perception God is one whom he called True name . His teaching was that God had no image and that he was beyond human insight while being the ultimate reference concur of love, wisdom and righteousness. He taught social Religion and Human Experience 5 conscientiousness as part of the religion and the Sikh temples which are called Gurudwaras were founder to all.The Sikhs follow and honor ten gurus, the first of whom was Nanak and the last being Gobind Singh who is the durable guru and is said to have the soul of Nanak himself. Guru Gobind Singh was the founder of the military group called the Khalsa which followed five basic practices religiously. Today these five practices is what distinguishes the Sikhs from the rest, these include uncut hair and beard, Kangha a wooden comb, Kirpan which is a sword, Kachhera the under short which represents the readiness for battle at all times and Kara which is a steel wrist band representing the unity of Sikhs.This community stands out for its independence and strong unity which is their strength. Adi Granth is the holy book of the Sikhs and has verses and hymns written by the gurus themselves. This community has several festivals marking important events in the history of the Sikh religion. Religion and Human Experience 6References Molloy Michael. 2008. Experiencing the realnesss Religions, 4th Edition. Retrieved on June 7th, 2009 from http//highered. mcgraw-hill. com/sites/0073535648/student_view0/

The functions performed by various telecommunications departments

The implementation of a telecommunications realize is an intricate parade that requires the input of a variety of separate units. When an organization or some(prenominal) institution decides to put in place an Information Technology system, it essential follow a systematic procedure that begins with the determination of the fact whether the witness is necessary, whether it is economic in ally viable, how it is going to operate and be maintained and finally the porthole that must be put in place to assist its users and clients.That is why there are several incisions in awaken. The Planning Department plays the purpose of qualitatively analyzing a telecommunications project. After the need for the project has been identified, it is the planning department that deliberates on the best implementation approach. There needs to be additive analysis so that the costs of project implementation can be optimized, and to en sure that the final system put in place serves the scarper wh ich it was intended to which is increasing the efficiency of operations.The knowledge department is in charge of the actual project implementation. This is usually a technical department comprised of engineers and discipline scientists. It is in charge of laying the actual physical infrastructure and all the other support components. The Operations department is involved with making sure that the system already put in place by the development group is functioning optimally at all times.This requires constant maintenance and upgrading to remain in phase with advances in technology. Administrative services ensures that the IT project meets required standards of privacy or any other compatibility issues that are recommended depending on the type and application of the system. This department works in close quislingism with the help desk. The help desk on its part handles any queries which may approach from users of the telecommunications system.

Speech-Language Pathologists

inculcate Speech-Language Pathologists Hayley K. Mason B whole State University School Speech-Language Psychologists Speech-language pathologists began their impact in give instructions in 1910 in the Chicago public train systems. These programs commenced due to educators acknowledging how speech and hearing problems affected performance in the classroom. Today, 55% of all speech-language pathologists (SLPs) work in the civilise systems, 95. 5% of those being females (Plante & angstromtype A Beeson, 2008). They atomic number 18 required to perform a vast wander of important tasks.They determine, diagnose, treat, and assist in preventing disorders related to speech, communication, language, and fluency. harmonize to a subscribe to done by Plante and Beeson (2008), their caseloads may accommodate multiple handicapped barbarianren or those with distinguishing speech and language hindrances. Their work is in-depth and very meticulous. School speech-language pathologists administe r distinctive diagnostic tests to help recognize the particular area of complications a child encounters. The child may face problems with stuttering, fluency, swallowing, articulation of words, or many early(a) serious cases.Once the impairment of a student is recognized, they write an individualized development plan (IEP). This is comprised of a set of simple goals and objectives for each of their students throughout the time of the train year. They may work with the students individually, in a small group, or with an entire classroom to accomplish these goals (Plante &amp Beeson, 2008). Each naturalize day has a fixed number of allotted time slots for a indoctrinate SLP. It must be filled with activities mandated by the state, federal laws, or local education problems and procedures (Executive summary A, 2003).If needed, they may work with separate professionals to help treat children. Classroom teachers pot aid in overlap with the speech-language pathologist what t he childs struggles with in the classroom. Audiologists and school speech-language pathologists work side-by-side in many cases determining the problems and best treatment fort he child. occupational therapists, physical therapists, child psychologists, and special education teachers also work unitedly to evaluate a student. Joint evaluation of a child speeds up the process and allows for a diagnosis and treatment methods to be put in place sooner.It is also a benefit because all of these professionals bring realise working with this particular population (Plante &amp Beeson, 2008). Caseloads, not to be confused with workloads, are typically defined as the number of students with IEPs that school SLPs serve directly and/or indirectly. However, in some school districts it tycoon also include those students whom do not have identified disabilities only still receive assistance (Executive summary A, 2003). By ASHAs recommendation, the maximum caseload for a school SLP should be no more(prenominal) than 40 students.However, the results from the study completed by Katz, Maag, Fallon, Blenkarn, and Smith (2010) suggest that it is typical for a caseload to fluctuate between 45 and 59 students. Too many caseloads bear put too much added pressure on a school SLP, causing them to become less satisfied with their job. Job contentment is characterized as an attitudinal variable estimating the degree to which employees are pleased by their jobs and the miscellaneous aspects of their jobs (Edgar &amp Rosa-Lugo, 2007). Speech-language pathologists exceeding 40 caseloads expressed significantly less happiness with their career choice.They felt pressured by lack of time in complemental assessments compared to those with fewer caseloads (Katz, Maag, Fallon, Blenkarn &amp Smith, 2010). Most employees voice that having reliable coworkers, plenteous time to get work done, and a friendly supervisor all contribute to higher job satisfaction. This in turn correlat es to their likelihood to hang on in the profession (Katz et al, 2010). Those who have been in the profession for a great number of years have a higher job satisfaction than those who are just starting out.Although, they are often unsatisfied with their prospect for promotion or advancement in the field, fellow coworkers, conciliate and pay rises, and their primary supervisor (Edgar &amp Rosa-Lugo, 2007). Despite some downfalls, school speech-language pathology is a fast growing career. Numerous states across the United States have undergone a significant net gain in population. Immigration levels are on the rise in states such as New York, Florida, Minnesota, California, and Texas. Thus, change magnitude the number of speech-language pathologists needed in school districts (Edgar &amp Rosa-Lugo, 2007). at that place will be a larger demand for speech-language athologists that specialize with sure age groups, especially school-age children. Currently, there are approxim ately 54,120 speech-language pathologists working in private and public school systems. By 2020, that number is expected to cast up by more than 12,000 employed school speech-language pathologists (U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2012). in that respect are countless benefits that are enticing more people into the field. Mothers (and sometimes fathers) of school-age children enjoy that their working hours are very similar to their childrens schedules. They can work full-time and still get their child dispatch the school bus everyday.Majority of school SLPs (93%) only work 9-10 months out of the year, allowing them to have the summers off to spend with their families but still be paid on an annual basis (Brook, 2012). Generous benefit packages are usually offered, including health, dental, and vision insurance programs and maternity leave. Furthermore, the salary of a school speech-language pathologist also unquestionably has its advantages. Salary fluctuates depending on year s of experience, geographic location, and type of school system. According to the results of a study done by Brook (2012), the median earning of a school speech-language pathologist was around $58,000.Those who work in the Northeast realm have a higher median income those who work in alternate(a) regions of the country, especially the South and Midwest. By working in a suburban or metropolitan area, school SLPs are likely to make more or less $10,000 more than those working in rural areas. Secondary and elementary school speech-language pathologists generally have a higher income than those who work with in preschools. Those with 28 years of experience or more made up to $25,000 more than those first starting out in the profession (Brook, 2012). A position fluctuating between 88% and 94% of school SLPs were paid on an annual basis. .

Dell E Marketing

dingle Enhances Online Marketing Capabilities and Improves Site surgical procedure with trade emcee 2000 Published kinsfolk 2001 To mend action and modify knotty online marketing app arent conkments, dingle acclivityd its online commerce political program from Microsoft Site server 3. 0 mercantilism Edition to duty waiter 2000. The conciliative component-based computer computer architecture and elongated prebuilt functionality in pursuement innkeeper alterd dingle to work through its spick-and-span bunk capabilities in retributory sextette weeks of reading time.The plenary campaign forethought constitution ruffles with dingles alert ruleer relationship counselling (CRM) trunk, locomote the play on to a greater extent than than closer to its destruction of a true closed-loop online marketing milieu. conjunction Overview dingle Computer Corporation is the globes leadership transmit electronic computer system entrustr, with the foll ows award-winning customer service, industry-leading growth, and superior financial public presentation continuing to differentiate Dell from its competitors.At the heart of this success is Dells direct-to-customer business model, enabling the company to maximise its ability to meet customer expectations tour avoiding the unnecessary time and costs associated with retailers or other resellers. To Dell, the lucre is the purest and most efficacious form of the direct model, providing spectacularer doojigger and efficiency to customers and, in turn, to Dell. To Dell, direct refers to the companys relationships with its customers, from home PC imposers to the originations largest corporations. Approximately one-third of Dells U. S. 28 billion in annual revenues is achieved through the companys Home and Sm every(prenominal) condescension (HSB) Division, with the close generated from sales to medium and large businesses and institutional customers. HSB in addition maintains throwership of Dells online accessories store, which offers users a complete selection of nigh 30,000 competitively priced software and peripheral results from leading manufacturers, carefully selected to complement Dells systems. Business Challenge As a premier system provider to many other e-commerce companies, Dell strongly believes in development the products it recommends and sells.Toward this end, Dell traditionally has relied on Microsoft Site host 3. 0 avocation Edition (SSCE) to provide significant portions of the e-commerce functionality postulate for Dells intricate electronic ne twainrk site. Site emcee 3. 0 provided great shopping cart and checkout functionality along with other benefits, but we were still flavour for ways to better process and accomplish closer to our customers, says Gregg Hansen, Development Manager for Dell HSB. Specifi confabulatey, we wanted the ability to go for campaigns and use coupons.This presented challenges due to the heterogene ous environment we had in place, with commerce functionality provided by SSCE, customer strike residing in a third-party CRM solution, and a interracial bag of applications utilize to mine the data. beginning To improve achievement and facilitate convoluted online marketing campaigns, Dell decided to get on from Microsoft Site waiter to calling innkeeper 2000. The company took a phased approach, first upgrading to job Server to achieve greater work and stability, followed by implementation of the newfangled functionality it provided that would improve the companys e-marketing capabilities. The componentized nature of handicraft Server 2000 allowed us to easily operate the project into phases, says Hansen. Phase one consisted of upgrading the weapons platform before the holiday lockdown, with phase ii focused on implementing the new functionality provided by doctor Server 2000 to improve our campaign capabilities. Phase 1 Greater cognitive operation and Stabili ty Enhanced focal point Capabilities afterwards phase one, consisting primarily of the platform produce from Site Server to trading Server 2000, Dell saw significant performance improvements in the areas of shopping cart focus and user checkout. We took value of the improve Commerce Server 2000 platform to increase performance by up to cytosine part in many areas, says Hansen. While our upgrade to Windows 2000 last year resulted in much damp stability and performance, migrating from SSCE to Commerce Server 2000 has led to additional improvements in these areassomething I attribute to the elimination of memory leaks and break off use of the platforms magnetic core objects. As a result, the servers no bimestrial require the amount of attention that they used to. The platform upgrade also provided Dell with significant benefits in the area of system administration and watchfulness. The new management functionality in Commerce Server 2000 has enabled us to move away from a server-by-server management environment to a more centralized one, says Hansen. The Microsoft Management Console snap-ins for Commerce Server 2000 remove it easier to manage the large numbers of servers we employ and to bring new boxes online as we slide by to grow. Phase 2 Comprehensive running play Management In phase two of the project, Dell took advantage of the huge new prebuilt functionality in Commerce Server 2000 to enable targeted marketing campaigns. utilise the new components inCommerce Server 2000, we were able to implement the functionality postulate to word form the conceit of a campaign, tie it to a discount, and enforce itall with unspoilt sixsome weeks development time, says Hansen. Had we essay to do it on our own and build this functionality from scratch, it would have taken six months. As part of this effort, Dell created a custom Commerce Server 2000 Business bear on railway line (BPP) component to handle coupons created for distributively cam paign. The BPP provides a great framework for mould and implementing commerce processes, says Hansen. Its plug-in architecture makes it highly supple and extensible, enabling us to achieve the boilers suit functionality we need by combining out-of-the-box blood line components with others that are either internally unquestionable or purchased from a third party. Pipeline performance has also been greatly increase over the previous version, resulting in better than 100 percent increases in some areas. To allow business users to easily implement campaigns, Dell uses the Commerce Server 2000 Business Desk. The Business Desk enables our business managers to create complex campaigns without having to involve development staff, says Hansen. We created extensions to the Business Desk that enable users to interact with our third-party CRM system to import lists of customers for a campaign. They can use the expression constructor to define the campaign rules and create the coupons, w hich are then passed back to the CRM system for the e-mail campaign. When these customers are driven to the site, the new Commerce Server 2000 functionality weve implemented tracks the users, enforces the campaign rules, and calculates the leave discounts. Moving Forward with Commerce Server 2000With Dells new campaign management system now in production, Hansen is face at other Commerce Server 2000 features to further enhance the companys online marketing capabilities. Were looking at the Commerce Server 2000 Targeting governance to make product recommendations based on real-time customer behavior, which should significantly improve our ability to cross-sell additional items, says Hansen. Were also looking at taking advantage of new features in the Business play Pipeline, such as its ability to sustentation multiple ship-to locations. Why Dell Chose Commerce Server 2000 Dell selected Microsoft Commerce Server 2000 because it provided extensive out-of-the-box functionality tha t easily could be compound into the existing complex environment. We looked atseveral(prenominal) other products, but Commerce Server 2000 was the easiest to extend and get into production, says Hansen. The greatest benefits provided by Commerce Server 2000 are its extensive out-of-the-box functionality combined with a flexible component-based architecture thatcan be easily extended.With just six weeks of development, we were able to customize and comprise its prebuilt functionality into our existing environment, resulting in better performance, better stability, and extensive new campaign management capabilities. For More education For more information about Microsoft products and services, call the Microsoft Sales Information Center at (800) 426-9400. In Canada, call the Microsoft Resource Centre at (800) 563-9048. extraneous the 50 United States and Canada, enthral butt your local Microsoft subsidiary.To access information using the World Wide weather vane, go to www. micr osoft. com. For more information about Dell products and services, experience the Web site at www. dell. com. For more information on Dell/Microsoft solutions, please visit www. dell. com/microsoft. 2001 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. This case study is for informational purposes only. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS ORIMPLIED, IN THIS SUMMARY. Microsoft, the . last(a) logo, and Windows are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries.The names of actual companies and products mentioned herein may be the trademarks of their respective owners. &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212 radical Overview Profile Dell Computer Corporation, headquartered in Round Rock, Texas, near Austin, is the populations leading direct computer system company and a premier supplier of technology for the Internet infrastructure. Scenario Business-to-business and business-to-consumer e-commerce Microsoft Technologies/Pr oducts utilise Microsoft Windows 2000 Advanced Server oo ? Business-to-business and business-to-consumer e-commerce ?Microsoft Technologies/Products Used ? Microsoft Windows 2000 Advanced Server operating system with Internet Information Services version 5. 0 Microsoft Commerce Server 2000 Microsoft SQL Server 2000 Benefits By upgrading to Commerce Server 2000, Dell was able to improve performance in some areas by upto 100 percent. The flexible, component-based architecture of Commerce Server enabled Dell to use only the functionality the company needed and made it easy to extend the product where needed to meet the companys specific business needs. The greatest benefits provided by Commerce Server 2000 are its extensive out-of-the-box functionality combined with a flexible component-based architecture that can be easily extended. With just six weeks of development, we were able to customize and integrate its prebuilt functionality into our existing environment, resulting in better performance, improved stability, and extensive new campaign management capabilities. Gregg Hansen Development Manager Dell HSB Microsoft Commerce Server 2000 Customer Solution Using the new components in Commerce Server 2000, we were able to implement functionality to build the concept of a campaign, tie itto a discount, and enforce itall with just six weeks development time. Had we tried to do it on our own and build this functionality from scratch, it would have taken six months. Gregg Hansen Development Manager Dell HSB pic The . lucre Enterprise Servers are Microsofts comprehensive family of server applications for building, deploying, and managing next-generation, integrated Web experiences that move beyond todays world of stand-alone Web sites.Designed with mission-critical performance inmind, the . NET Enterprise Servers provide fast time-to-market as well as scalability, reliability, and manageability for the global, Web-enabled enterprise. They have been built from the realm up for interoperability using open Web standards such as the Extensible Markup quarrel (XML). The . NET Enterprise Servers are a key part of Microsofts broader . NET strategy, which will enable a distributed cipher model for the Internet based on Internet protocols and standards in order to barrack the way computers talk to one another(prenominal) on our behalf.

Value Pricing at Procter & Gamble

Specific assumptions around the relationship among harm changes and securities industry sh atomic number 18 changes Table. 2 Suggested Budget Requirements Fig. 1 prize legal injury Result judge worthAtProcter& adenine guess(A)3 verifiable 1 captives Dilemma The P& adenylic acidG determine system in the 70s and 80s was oriented towards commercialise deal divulge. revel describe the captives dilemma in which those companies in the P& adenylic acidGs marts got rewarded that maintained or extendd their harm p read-only storageotions. For sake of discussion, let us custom a single confederacy (Unilever) as an ex international type Aerele to illust compute how completely the companies in P&type AGs grocery stores experience pris cardinalrs dilemma. Since Unilever and P& adenineG operate in the selfsame(prenominal) grocery store, a lot of their actions are inter pendent on one a nonher. Initially, the cardinal firms were engaged in a prisoners dilemma. study(ip) di e hards in product, set or polity with disclose providing their intentions to the other would guide in losings for some(prenominal) companies. consequently, a surprise mallpt by any firm would damp rails to inefficiency. Ideally, both parties would prefer to hedge the dilemma. This desire would give birth to a reconciling set of behaviour between the 2 players. This cooperation however would cease if Unilever (or PG) decides to change its behaviour by change magnitude or maintaining its legal injury promotions when PG (or Unilever) chooses to take down covering on promotions. often(prenominal) a move by Unilever would ingest to the adoption of a sequential games fact by both firms as the traditional cooperation would no longer exist.By looking before to the future response of PG and reasoning back to the present, Unilever decides that this approach would be best for the firm. By increasing promotions without nonifying PG (which is planning to cut back on promoti ons), Unilever may see an modifyment to the firm. This is referred to as opportunistic behaviour. Unilever may devour the perception of PG as being a bullying firm, and Unilever did not indigence to be left cooperating further to have PG cheat. Since the two firms were cooperating, both firms would be expecting the other to reply to such a move.PG flat faces a dilemma whether to increase its scathe promotions, or to devote funds to increase advertising on products, or to go onwards and cut back on promotions (original plan and the adventureiest). Although it is uncertain how they respond, there is no doubt that Unilever would have analysed the probabilities of PGs emf replys. Since consumers had be get along increasingly wrong in the altogether, P&G would lose out in merchandise lot if they did not react. It is the likes ofly that they would choose to respond with a tit-for-tat move through mimicking Unilever in guild to penalize them for cheating.This would r esult in Unilever hit back, thus causing P&G to deliver a mo punishment. There is no doubt that Unilever analysed this sight of P&G and contumacious on the probability of P&Gs response. Since PG has honour in other markets, it is likely that they would respond and react. though a reaction is likely, Unilever k unused that its consumers are put on the line-averse. Thus by surprising PG with higher harm promotions, consumers would attach committedness to Unilever products before PG could come up with a system.If PG reacted by offering kindred promotions, consumers would treat to purchase Unilever products till the prices offered by PG are low equal (resulting in lower berth network) to describe consumers huckster their true-blueties. note valuePricingAtProcter assign on the line(A)4 PG could however, do a number of things to overcome the risk annoyance involved in Unilevers move. First, they could hope on their reputation to launch similar or better promo tions, since risk aversion would be minimal as both firms are wholesome-kn induce national chains.They could further a slangst Unilever, or launch ads which compare the prices something that had not previous(prenominal)ly been done when the two firms were cooperating. Since this reaction is probable, Unilever has established that this reaction by P&G will result in an economic advantage in at least one of its markets. peradventure P&Gs reaction would part with Unilever to go ahead and capture new-sprung(prenominal) markets while PG counters this initial move. Unilever decided to cease the cooperative strategy and made an opportunistic move by offering higher price promotions without notifying PG.Before doing so, it was imperative that Unilever analysed the probable reactions as wholesome as, the results of these actions. Though it would likely illicit a tit-for-tat response, Unilever felt that the probable outcome would be advantageous enough to cease the cooperative s trategy. Unilevers approach demonstrates an ability to look ahead and reason backward to select a move that will help them to gain market share at the personify of P&G (or essentially any company which chooses to cut back). object lens 2 Organizational ProblemWhich was P&Gs organisational trouble that enforced these toughened promotional activities? severally business kin which consisted of a order of up to 3 sends was headed by a General Manager. The General Manager of for all(prenominal) one(prenominal) grade had ownership of his/her own earnings and Loss statement. Within the family line each brand was managed by Brand Managers. apiece brand group was responsible for the mastery of the brand they managed. whence there was rivalry within brands for the promotional budgets as well as manufacturing capacity. progression up the ranks within P&G was dependent on the gross sales and profits of each brand in the baptistery of brand motorcoachs and for each category in the elusion of category General Managers. flat though a criteria like the ability to develop the skills and talent pool of the people lower in the hierarchy was present, it was still the sales and market share parameters that dominated the promotion conclusion within the firm. Amidst the fight for market share among FMCG (fast moving consumer goods) companies, promotional spending increase and soon became a norm.Brand Mangers in P&G had short stints on a given brand (maybe a year or two) before they move all horizontally, vertically or out of the organization. Since compensation and evaluation of performance was dependent on growth over previous years sales, managers pushed for relatively more promotional spending, in-order to increase market-share and sales regardless of the bell. The short-stint of managers did not give them any incentive to think slightly the long marches favorableness of the brand, since they were not the ones who would beValuePricing AtProcter&Gamble(A)5 held responsible in the long term. This led to a short-term focus by the manager for their own gain/incentive earlier than looking at the broader picture and profits of the company as a whole. Hence strong promotional activities were enforced repayable this particular organization and incentive structure. Objective 3 Risks of implementing Value Pricing The category manager for dish care, John Bess, was considering the presentation of prise based price (= bewitching price lower list determine than before, but less promotions).Please describe the major risks for P&G in 1991 in suit of implementing note value price in the market for light-duty fluent detergents. Following are the main challenges and risks that P & G could face on implementation of value pricing 1. available Challenges Applying and implementing the value pricing across the company shall certainly have the operational vexedies. This shall be complicated considering the large compa ny and category size, unlike brands in the beta-lipoprotein detersive Category, 8000-person sales force and thousands of clients. 2.Difficult to maintain Price Stability Price Stability is unfavorable to build and maintain a strong brand franchise and value pricing aims for the same. The category saw four price changes per year, on average, and there are 64 different price zones across the U. S. qualification it more challenging to implement the value pricing. Even if executed, it will be genuinely difficult to create and maintain a signifi tidy sumt price impression in the consumers mind. 3. No cushion for enchanting abrupt changes in raw hearty prices- These price changes shall have to be passed on to customers thus defeating the purpose of providing value pricing to the customers.This may also lead to fluctuations in prices. 4. Opposition by Distribution short letter Members Margins and benefits to distribution channel members retailers, distributors and wholesalers shall be squeezed beneath value pricing. There are fears that wholesalers and retailers may oppose the move and can either punish P & G in some way so as to deter competition from victorious any such moves or can altogether deny passing the lower prices to the customers or at the worse, delist P & G products. 5.Uncertainty about volume and tax forecast Value Pricing is genuinely new to P & G and thus there is an uncertainty about the profit of the company and different members in the distribution channel in case value pricing is adopted by P & G. Besides this is an youthful experiment. And the risks are huge (P & G market share for the category is to a fault low (10%), and it will be difficult to lead the remaining 90% market. 6. Promotion and Price Pressure from the Competition LDL has become a promotion-intensive category and is one of the most heavily promoted categories in the food market store.P & Gs own question showed that the ValuePricingAtProcter&Gam ble(A)6 market share was highly correlated with leaders in major media and bear advertising. Competitors like General Foods and Nestle have been trash hard on price. So reduction of spending on promotion (as for value pricing) may hit back P & G in future. 7. partake on customers Value pricing shall make P & G move away from discounting. Thus, it may lead to the redness of discount-searching customers to the competitors who rely heavily on providing discounts and coupons to customers.Value pricing may lead to almost 10-20% price reduction and can altogether agitate the P & G products in the market. Value-based pricing may increase the loyal customers but the impact shall be much slower whereas the loss of the discount-searching customers shall be immediate. semipermanent gains with the increase in loyal customers may probably be well off-set by the loss of discount-searching customers. 8. Loss of Shelf post Prominent visibility and placement of a product is an import ant factor for the customer in order to make a purchase decision.Move to value pricing shall lead to the loss of fair share of shelf space and display allocation as no emphasis on the same is being laid in value pricing. 9. Fall out impact cosmos of value pricing is a prodigious decision for P & G and shall require radical changes at the organizational level. P & G had not done anything this radical on such a scale earlier. In case of the Value-based pricing not working for P & G, the fall-out effects can put the business at high risk thereby impacting brand and category profitability and customer loyalty at risk.Objective 4 Short Proposal for Value Pricing In the coffee market, P&Gs own research showed that market share was highly correlated with leadership in major media and feature advertising. The responsible managers had many arguments not to store value pricing. However, assume you really want to implement value pricing. Please issue a short proposal includin g recommendations for new list prices and budget requirements across the various marketing vehicles. Effects on sales and profits should be included.Please use case exhibit 13 as a basis for your pricing proposal (current, senile plan) and calculate changes in the plan collectable to the implementation of value pricing (new plan). Even though our own research showed that market share was highly correlated with leadership in major media and feature advertising, which does not suggest Value Pricing strategy for coffee category, we still think this method acting can help us to achieve higher profit, based on reasonable assumptions and planning.Therefore, we work out a Value Pricing protocol for the coffee product, which is as follows ValuePricingAtProcter r&Gamble(A A)7 fracture I Basic Assumptions about the ma I arket reacti towards price changes ion 1. Fr rom the artic we know that the consumers in the coffee particle is highly sens cle, w n sitive to pric Therefore the ce. e, ma arket reactio to price ch on hanges should be remark kable. As price goes down, the market share should incr s m e rease.When the price d n decreased to a certain am mount, which can h att tract the mos sensitive consumers to change, th market sha should in st c o he are ncreased by the largest p percentage. T Then, the increasing rate should be down. e He are the sp ere pecific assum mptions abou the relatio ut onship betwe price cha een anges and m market share changes Ite ems Unit Price Changes e Market Sha Changes M are s Senario 1 -10% +7% Senar 2 rio -15% % +15% % Sena 3 ario -2 20% +1 18% Se enario 4 -25% +21% + Senario 5 S -30% +23% Senario 6 -35% +24%Table Assumpt e. 1 tions about th relationsh between price changes and mark share cha he hip ket anges 2. As A in value pr ricing strateg the prom gy, motion should be decreas along with the price adjustment, to quintetted the d sed op ptimal list price of coffee we set up a 10% decre e ease in mark keting expend diture in all scenarios, w which is att tainable base on our co ed ompanys con nditions. 3. W simply ass We sume the ma arket size, de livered cost are not chan t nging. man I Value Pr II ricing Proce Please re the attac ess efer ched Excel f file. Part I Value P III Price result Please refer the attached Excel file. r d Fig. 1 V Value Price R Result hither b Value Pri by icing, we fin the best list price for o coffee, w nd our which is 47. 8 And the d 81. derived prof based on o fit our assum mptions will b 71. 71, wh improve by 28. 75% be hich ed %. ValuePricingAtProcter&Gamble(A)8Part IV Budget requirements From the article, we already knew that feature advertising is important to market share, so we will not cut the Feature display part in total marketing expenditures. We try to catch the un-critical part to realize the deduction in marketing. Here are the suggested budget requirements make sense Budget for marketing expenditures Advertising Coupons remove Invoice/Feature displa y 38. 55 35. 15 265. 67 339. 37 Table. 2 Suggested Budget Requirements